5th International Conference and Exhibition on Surgery November 7-8, 2016 Alicante, Spain

Otorhinolaryngology is the area of medicine that deals with disorders conditions of the ear, nose, and throat region, and related areas of the head and neck. Patients seek treatment from otorhinolaryngologists for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, or base of the skull, and for the surgical management of cancers and benign tumours of the head and neck. The purpose of surgery to the ears, nose, throat,  head and neck is to treat an abnormality defect or disease in these anatomical areas. An anatomical deformity is a change that usually occurs during embryological development, leaving the affected person with the apparent defect. A disease in this area usually develops later in life, such as head and neck cancer. Additionally, the specialty known as otorhinolaryngology that oto means ears, rhino means nose, and larynx means throat, referring to the larynx or throat also includes surgical intervention for diseases in the head and neck regions.

Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist.The eye is a fragile organ, and requires extreme care before, during, and after a surgical procedure. Sterile precautions are taken to prepare the area for surgery and lower the risk of infection. Laser eye surgery or laser corneal surgery is a medical procedure that uses a laser to reshape the surface of the eye. This is done to correct myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism. A cataract is an pacification or cloudiness of the eye's crystalline lens due to aging, disease, or trauma that typically prevents light from forming a clear image on the retina. Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP).

Oral & Maxillofacial surgery (OMS) specializes in treating many diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the Oral (mouth) and Maxillofacial (jaws and face) region. It is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. Treatments may be performed on the craniomaxillofacial complex-mouth, jaws, face, neck, skull, and include:  Dentoalveolar surgery, Surgery to insert osseointegrated dental implants and maxillofacial implants, Cosmetic surgery of the head and neck etc.

Endocrine surgery is a specialized surgical field where procedures are performed on endocrine glands to achieve a hormonal or anti-hormonal effect in the body. Almost always, this entails operating to remove a tumour which has grown on or within an endocrine gland. A common approach is endoscopic endonasal surgery. The field of endocrine surgery typically comprises surgery for the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. The most common endocrine surgery operation is removal of the thyroid thyroidectomy, followed by parathyroid surgery, Para thyroidectomy, followed by the rare operation on the adrenal gland adrenalectomy.

Cardiovascular surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease, correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation. Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thorax generally treatment of conditions of the heart and lungs Cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery are separate surgical specialties. Open heart surgery is a surgery in which the patient's heart is opened and surgery is performed on the internal structures of the heart. Minimally invasive surgery is where a machine is used to perform surgery while being controlled by the heart surgeon. The main advantage to this is the size of the incision made in the patient. Instead of an incision being at least big enough for the surgeon to put his hands inside, it does not have to be bigger than 3 small holes for the robot's much smaller "hands" to get through. Paediatric cardiovascular surgery is surgery of the heart of children.

A surgical procedure in a human or animal in which a body tissue or organ is transferred from a donor to a recipient or from one part of the body to another. Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. Organ donors may be living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death. Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death, as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues can be preserved and stored for up to five years, meaning they can be "banked". Types of transplant include: Xenograft and xenotransplantation, Xenograft and xenotransplantation . Because very young children do not have a well-developed immune system, it is possible for them to receive organs from otherwise incompatible donors. This is known as ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation. 

Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system. Gynaecological surgery is usually performed by gynaecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility, and incontinence. Gynaecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or cosmetic purposes. The following are common GYN procedures and surgeries our physicians perform: Uterine Biopsy, Endometrial Biopsy. Urogynecologists and their teams evaluate and diagnose women who have pelvic floor conditions, Gynaecologists trained in minimally invasive gynaecologic surgery care for women who have a range of noncancerous gynaecologic conditions including heavy menstrual periods, Gynaecologic oncologist offer an integrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of women's cancers, including cervical, uterine (endometrial), ovarian, vaginal and vulvar cancer.

Urology also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs. The organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs. Endourology is performed using small cameras and instruments inserted into the urinary tract. Transurethral surgery has been the cornerstone of Endourology. Paediatric urology concerns urologic disorders in children. Such disorders include cryptorchidism, congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, enuresis, underdeveloped genitalia, and vesicoureteral reflux. Reconstructive urology is a highly specialized field of urology that restores both structure and function to the genitourinary tract. Female Urology is a branch of urology dealing with overactive bladder, pelvic organ prolapse, and urinary incontinence.

In the practice of medicine, especially surgery, and dentistry, anaesthesia (or anaesthesia) is an induced, temporary state with one or more of the following characteristics: analgesia (relief from or prevention of pain), paralysis (extreme muscle relaxation), amnesia (loss of memory), and unconsciousness. An aesthetic is an agent that causes anaesthesia. A patient under the effects of anaesthesia is anesthetized. An anaesthesiologist or anaesthetist is a physician who performs anaesthesia. A Certified Registered Nurse anaesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who performs anaesthesia. Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions requiring sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring. Anaesthetists and surgeons are often faced with a child who has been recently immunized presenting for either emergency or elective surgery .The question is raised as to whether the anaesthesia or the surgery will affect the immune response of the child to the vaccine, or more seriously whether the vaccine may cause more serious adverse reactions in these circumstances.

Acute Care Surgery (ACS) is an evolving specialty with three essential components- trauma, critical care and emergency surgery.  Following a survey of the surgical critical care program directors and of the major trauma organizations it was clear that trauma and critical care surgeons were increasingly responsible for emergency surgical care. Acute Care Surgery arose in response to the need for emergency call coverage as well as the desire of trauma surgeons to increase their operative case load as trauma care itself becomes less involved with operative procedures. The Acute Care surgery team provides multidisciplinary patient care, education and training and innovative research in trauma, burn, critical care and emergency surgery.

Plastic surgery is a medical procedure with the purpose of alteration or restoring the form of the body. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the most well-known kind of plastic surgery, plastic surgery itself is not necessarily considered cosmetic; and includes many types of reconstructive surgery, craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumours. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an optional procedure that is performed on normal parts of the body with the only purpose of improving a person’s appearance and/or removing signs of aging. Craniofacial surgery is divided into paediatric and adult craniofacial surgery. Paediatric craniofacial surgery mostly revolves around the treatment of congenital anomalies of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissues, such as cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis, and paediatric fractures.

Neurosurgery (or neurological surgery) is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral neves, and extra-cranial Cerebrovascular system. Neuroanesthesia is a highly developed science that is linked to neurosurgery. Some of these divisions of neurosurgery are: vascular neurosurgery and endovascular neurosurgery. Neuroradiology plays a key role not only in diagnosis but also in the operative phase of neurosurgery.

Orthopaedics is the medical specialty that focuses on injuries and diseases of your body's musculoskeletal system. This complex system includes your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves and allows you to move, work, and be active. Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common operations performed by orthopaedic surgeons. Anthroplasty is an orthopaedic surgery where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced. Orthopaedic surgeons perform numerous types of surgeries. Common procedures include:  Arthroscopic surgery. The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery focuses on patient care in each of these orthopaedic subspecialties: adult reconstruction and joint replacement, sports medicine, spine surgery, surgery of the hand and wrist, surgery of the shoulder and elbow, surgery of the foot and ankle, musculoskeletal tumour surgery, orthopaedic trauma Surgery, paediatric orthopaedics, and physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Technology and healthcare continue to be deeply-intertwined, with new procedures improving care and patient outcomes on a yearly basis. From administrative tools to life saving surgery. The main areas of research in the surgery and surgical technology theme are-Surgical technology: developing new technology and new approaches to improve clinical outcomes. Safety and quality: leading research into the assessment and delivery of high quality healthcare, to improve outcomes and decrease the frequency of adverse events. Surgical education: delivering training for clinicians and academics to drive improvements in surgical practice. Surgical technology team has strong relationships with government organisations, healthcare providers, industry and educational institutions to facilitate the translation of their research into practical applications and new innovative technology. One of the most promising advances in surgical technology is the introduction of robotic assisted surgery, which allows procedures to take place that would otherwise be prohibited by the confines of the operating environment.